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Pathogens
Antimicrobials
Plasmodium falciparum
Nearly always due to Plasmodium falciparum
Treat as a medical emergency
Presumptive treatment may begin before confirmation, but after collecting blood for examination
Laboratory Features
Hypoglycaemia (blood glucose <2.2 mmol/L or <40 mg/dL)
Metabolic acidosis (plasma bicarbonate <15 mmol/L)
Severe normocytic anaemia (Hb <5 g/dL, packed cell volume <15%)
Haemoglobinuria
Hyperparasitaemia (MPS defines as parasitemia ≥2% OR parasitemia <2% with schizonts reported on blood film OR Parasitemia <2% with complications)
Hyperlactataemia (lactate >5 mmol/L)
Renal impairment (serum creatinine >265 µmol/L)
Jaundice (total serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL)
Initial Treatment
Treatment once the patient can tolerate oral medicine
