Intrinsic resistance to ampicillin and lower generation cephalosporins.

With exposure to beta-lactams, induction or de-repression can occur and confer resistance to third generation cephalosporins and some beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors.

Susceptible to carbapenems.

Usually susceptible to fluoroquinolones, TMP-SMX, and aminoglycosides which are appropriate targeted therapy options.

Using beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (i.e. Amox-clav, Pip-Tazo) when reported as susceptible reasonable for SIMPLE infections requiring SHORT duration (eg, cholangitis and UTI).