Azithromycin

C. diff Risk

Medium

Oral Bioavailability

Excellent

Approximate Cost

PO:<$1/day
IV: $2.50/day

Dosing

10 mg/kg x 1, followed by 5 mg/kg q24h

General Information

Common Usage

  • Community acquired pneumonia - in adjunct with beta-lactam

  • Pertussis

  • Gonorrhea/Chlamydia infections (in addition to IM ceftriaxone 250 mg)

  • Mycobacterial infections

  • Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) prophylaxis in HIV patients

Drug Monitoring

Monitor QTc in patients with increased risk

Adverse Effects

Prolongation of QTc interval. Association with increased cardiovascular mortality in observational studies.

Prolonged half life may contribute to macrolide resistance

Major Interactions

  • Other drugs that prolong QTc

  • Increases cyclosporine levels

  • May increase digoxin levels

Additional Information

Very high tissue penetration and concentration intracellularly means in vivo activity may not be predicted by in vitro testing - e.g. Salmonella species.

Pharmacology

Antimicrobial class: Macrolide

Pregnancy category: B

Average serum half life: 68 hours

Biliary penetration: Therapeutic

CSF penetration: Poor

Lung penetration: Therapeutic

Urine penetration: Poor

No renal adjustment required