Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Macrobid)

C. diff Risk

Low

Oral Bioavailability

Excellent

Approximate Cost

~ $1.60/day

General Information

Common Usage

Uncomplicated cystitis in females with normal renal function.

Adverse Effects

Interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis especially with prolonged use.

Peripheral neuropathy.

Major Interactions

Antacids decrease absorption.

Additional Information

Think of this drug as a urinary antiseptic.

Not recommended in males due to inadequate tissue penetration, especially with possible occult prostatitis.

Pharmacology

Antimicrobial class: Nitrofuran

Pregnancy category: B - up to 38 weeks (contraindicated at term)

Average serum half life: 1 hour

Urine penetration: Therapeutic

Lung penetration: None

CSF penetration: None

Biliary penetration: None